Risk Assessment Audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hazard Assessment Audit - Essay Example This is particularly on the representatives who have major and noteworthy issues in their work environments inside the GE Oil and Gas Inc organization. GE Oil and Gas Inc has gone on an extensive development program in West Africa and this has made it to experience a great deal of issue according to the board and representative related issues. Review report Petroleum and oil boring and advancement along with it utilization has consistently been connected with boundless effect on the earth. Natural effect happens at all degrees of oil and gas arrangement however is clear during upstream degree of tasks. The upstream level includes oil and gas investigation and creation with effect, for example, unintentional spills or barometrical discharges. The ecological effect has routinely not the emphasis on numerous players, and the oil and gas industry was not under enormous natural guideline for substance period during it tasks. It is evident that ecological guideline concentrating on the oil and gas industry is a most recent wonder just hardly any years old. Lodging convenience The lodging for the GE Oil and Gas Inc is organized to meet all the business and representatives prerequisites in the different separated offices. This lodging settlement is for the representatives of the GE Oil and Gas Inc and furthermore the businesses who deal with the exercises in the district that the GE Oil and Gas Inc is situated in West Africa. The lodging settlement isn't adequate for the whole huge stuff that is expanding with the development of the investigation procedures and exercises of the GE Oil and Gas Inc organization. This makes the various parts of the lodging settlement to involve worry that ought to be tended to inside time since it is vital to guarantee than the GE Oil and Gas Inc’s laborers have cover so as to perform better in their particular employment segments. The employments that have been very much presented with lodging convenience enough incorporate those of the top administration model. This incorporates the overseeing executive and the top managerial staff that keep up and regulate on the other junior representatives. This isn't it is uncalled for; it is only that the West Africa part of GE Oil and Gas Inc is as yet beginning and has not completely gotten useful. Other lodging facilities are being developed and inside no time the issue will be explained. The structures to house the types of gear and the applicable apparatuses worked by the organization have all been finished since they start things out in the need list. Proposals The lodging convenience ought to be accommodated all the workers that have it in their individual detail in their authoritative terms with the GE Oil and Gas Inc organization. The lodging settlement is anyway up to the level required and the houses have been developed by suggested building structures. The state of the trucks The state of the trucks isn't engaging. This is regarding the sort and the age of the trucks utilized in conveying the results of GE Oil and Gas Inc Company. The trucks that are utilized in West Africa are a lot of exhausted just like the standard in most African development organizations that are little scope. The GE Oil and Gas Inc Company has gotten a portion of this propensities and it’s not beautiful for the titanic organization that has some impressive control on the oil and gas showcase in the worldwide economy. The organization is particularly fit as a fiddle when it

Patagonia Case Study free essay sample

Patagonia is a very good quality outside clothing organization established in 1972 by Yvon Chouinard, a self-depicted ‘dirtbag’. The organization stays private. Has encountered solid development to date (6% deals development Y-oY) while keeping up its pledge to manageability and the earth Industry incorporates Columbia Sportswear, The North Face (VF Corp. ), and many general retailers Strategy Business Model: Clients: middle age of 38 years of age, normal family unit salary of $160K Products (% income): Sportswear (47%), Technical Outerwear (30%), Technical Knits (12%), and Hard Goods (6%). High caliber, evaluated 20% higher than other open air clothing. ‘Ironclad Guarantee’ to fix, discount, or supplant any item that doesn't completely fulfill clients Financials: half 55% gross edge on products sold. High natural and social measures for providers, however selectivity likewise prompts lower item deformity rates Sales (% deals): Wholesale (44%), Retail (33%), Catalog + Internet (23%) †less merchants than contenders; retail locations and list assume significant job in imparting brand interfacing with clients Marketing: ecological/social position frequently pulled in free media consideration; cautious cognizant exertion to not abuse position for money related increase Culture: solid culture, family-accommodating working environment, natural advantages for representatives, low worker turnover Questions In spring 2010, Patagonia was actualizing another, radical ecological activity called â€Å"Product Lifecycle Initiative† (PLI). We will compose a custom article test on Patagonia Case Study or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This activity spoke to an all encompassing duty to stretch the lifecycle of every item and decrease landfill squander. It established Patagonia’s endeavors to assume liability for the items it made, â€Å"from birth to death and afterward past death, back to resurrection. † The activity comprised of a shared agreement between the organization and its clients to â€Å"reduce, fix, reuse, and recycle† the attire that they expended. This case welcomes you toâ understand an extraordinary way to deal with making and catching worth, survey its maintainability, and assess creative approaches to contend. 1. Assess Patagonia’s system: how does Patagonia make and catch esteem? Patagonia offers great items to outside fans †its items are bleeding edge as far as the materials utilized (and the worth they produce for the client), just like their assembling strategies. Patagonia installs natural manageability into its creation techniques, permitting it to meet its own strategic engaging clients who share those qualities. Additionally observe above diagram. 2. How critical to Patagonia’s system is its expressed crucial: the best item, cause no superfluous mischief, and use business to move and execute answers for the ecological crisis†? Every one of the three pieces of the statement of purpose control Patagonia everyday business choices: Build the best item: high RD burn through ($3M yearly), center around advancement, envoy model for testing and criticism Cause no superfluous mischief: ecologically benevolent assembling methods, provider selectivity and natural principles, crude materials sourcing (for example natural cotton), Footprint Narratives to examine sway, vitality effective structures and reusing forms Use business to move and actualize answers for the natural emergency: 1% of income gave to ecological causes, sharing of manageability forms with different organizations/contenders, awards and different crusades (see Exhibit 10) 3. What is your evaluation of Patagonia’s item lifecycle activity (Reduce, Repair, Reuse, and Recycle)? Will it be a triumph? Assessing PLI depends on the meaning of achievement: how intensely the organization weighs accomplishing its yearly development focuses against accomplishing its manageability strategic. The creative program will probably be an accomplishment in bringing issues to light on over-utilization, however Patagonia should concentrate on forcefully developing its client base (versus rehash deals to existing clients) so as to accomplish targets. Patagonia may likewise need to discover approaches to adapt the online trade showcase they make to enhance a portion of the potential lost income from people who purchase second hand (enrollment expense, fix expense, level expense on each trade, charge different retailers for get to, and so forth ). In the drawn out the recycled purchasers may become future Patagonia clients, who at present can't bear the cost of the top of the line new items, making another client procurement vehicle.

How to Out-Compete Your Competition

How to Out-Compete Your Competition The former CEO of General Electric, Jack Welch, once said, “if you don’t have a competitive advantage, don’t compete”. It essentially means that if you don’t have a strategy to beat the competition, you probably shouldn’t be in the business in the first place.But how can your business out-compete competition when the business world is such a tough place to survive? Much of it is about understanding the competitive threats and overcoming them. This guide will look at the strategies your business can use to compete and to learn faster than your competition. © Shutterstock.com | alphaspiritIn particular, you will 1) understand the key competitive threats, learn about 2) the best ways to stay ahead of the competition, and 3) how to speed up the learning curve.UNDERSTAND THE KEY COMPETITIVE THREATSThe first step to take in your effort to out-compete competition has to do with analysing the threats. You cannot expect to create a sound strategy to out-compete, if you don’t know what you are competing against.It is therefore essential to analyse who your competition is and what makes them hard to beat. This will allow you to draw the right strategies and tools for overcoming the challenge. Keep in mind the threats aren’t a reason your competitors are better than you, but more the obstacles you need to overcome or do differently with your business.The competitive threats will depend slightly on the type of business you have, as well as the industry you operate in. If you are a small business or a start-up, then it is easy to feel helpless against the so-called big guys.Let’s look at how the ‘big guys’ typically aim to win against smaller companies.Better resources â€" The biggest advantage big companies have is the amount and accessibility of resources. An established business can have its finances in much stable order and it’s likely to have more connections for further financial support. Resources mean the bigger companies can have bigger inventories and thus respond faster to customer enquiries. But vast resources also make it easier to run the day-to-day operations, as bigger companies have an advantage in terms of pure manpower. This can have an effect on things such as customer service. Whereas smaller firms might not be able to respond to customers outside office hours, big corporations can often set up a 24/7-customer service without huge costs.Better product and service â€" The enhanced access to resources can also improve the company product and service development. This can end up creating better products, as well as improving the standards of service. Better product and service is also a benefit established companies enjoy. Even smaller companies that have been in the business for a long time would have gained information on the market much more than a newly established company. Established connections and years of hands-on experience can be a big competitive advantage.Lower prices â€" Product and service prices are one of the biggest influencers for consumer decisions. Therefore, getting the price right and typically to the lower end of the scale is better for business success. For the above reasons, big businesses are often able to keep prices lower and therefore, have a competitive advantage over new and small companies. The reason big companies can keep prices low is mainly down to scale. Because the companies have vast resources available, they can cut costs by holding on to bigger stock, for example. They also have more money available for marketing, which can help ke ep the product price low.All of the above points out to the economy of scale and scope. Economies of scale for a company mean reductions in the average cost, which is possible by increasing the scale of production of this product. Economies of scope, on the other hand, can lower the average costs by producing more products in total. Achieving both of these economies is typically easier the bigger the business.BEST WAYS TO STAY AHEAD OF THE COMPETITIONThe above doesn’t mean small and new businesses can’t ever out-compete competition. Businesses in all industries and of all sizes can compete against other companies, if they have a clear strategy to do so.Below are some of the best strategies companies can use to stay ahead of their competition.Develop and promote your brandSince no two businesses are the same, your business must define what it stands for to ensure customers see the difference clearly. Branding your business is essential for success because it outlines the vision a nd the values your company has.In order to talk to your customers and to carve a market share for your business, you need to be distinctive. Not everyone in the world is going to love you, but you need to clearly define the reasons big parts of customers should. You need to brand your business well, so that customers have a reason to stop and think twice about opting for your competitor.Big part of branding deals with promoting your unique selling point (USP). Clearly define what sets your company apart and continuously promote this USP to the world. Many companies seem to think their USP is something they only should know. But USP isn’t about tricking the customer to shop with you â€" it is about differentiating your business from the rest.Overall, companies that are actively involved with their community will gain competitive advantage. Be part of local events, stay active on social media and share your expertise in the media, as well as the blogosphere. Learn about your competi tion and your customerYou also need to do a lot of learning in order to out-compete. As mentioned above, it is vital to know and understand what the competition is. You need to know specific details of why some consumers choose your competitors and what they use as their USP. This information is not important so you could copy their business, but rather to see what improvements you could do in yours. It can also help you spot the areas your competitors are overlooking.But you cannot only focus on studying your competition; you also need to learn about the customers. Customer expectations and needs are fluid and you must regularly keep an eye on them. For example, a change in economic conditions might mean customers are more interested in lower prices or quality products rather than flexibility.Success stories within your industry and indeed from other industries can often teach you a lot about viable strategies. Furthermore, you should also study the failures of your competitors to learn from these mistakes and to avoid them in your business.When you are researching competition and your customer, try to keep an open mind. There could be new markets available for your business elsewhere or there might be a gap, your company can fill.Customer needs and preferences in different regions can provide valuable insights for your business. Perhaps you can expand your business to new markets either online or abroad. Diversifying into new areas can be a great way to compete with other businesses.Compete with anything but the priceYou can essentially focus on three key areas with your product or service and out-compete your competition. These are:PriceQualityServiceFor many start-ups and small businesses competing against the price of a product or service can be quite difficult because of the lack of resources. Yet, most new companies often find the price the easiest way to compete.While there’s no reason you can’t compete with the price, you must be careful with this approach. This is because most start-ups fail because the finances are just not there. Companies charge less and while customers might come in, the revenue is at an unsustainable level.The best option is to compete with anything but the price. Focus on creating a higher quality product or service, create the best customer shopping experience or establish a proper customer service culture.Saturated markets make competing on price harder and there are going to be ‘big guys’ that can absorb lower costs. But saturated markets don’t mean you can’t carve yourself a big chunk of the revenue by focusing on your own niche and the USP.Focus on customer serviceNew and small businesses should definitely put customer service at the core of the business. The digital revolution has not meant that customer interactions aren’t essential, even though face-to-face communication has become more limited for many businesses. In fact, customer service is even more vital in today’s business wo rld.Furthermore, a smile doesn’t cost a thing, right? If you create a customer first-attitude with the aim of smoothening customer experience and going the extra mile, your business will quickly become trusted and loved.You need to be in-tune with your local community and your customers. Listen to them and take their advice on board, as it can enhance the way you serve your community. If you can make customers feel special and welcomed, a higher price won’t stop customers from doing business with you.Don’t stop with your customers and community either. You also want to ensure you are the best employer in the industry. Having motivated and skilled staff will provide benefits for your customers. Furthermore, your business will grow by attracting the right kind of people to work with you.Reward people for doing business with youYou need to be able to reward and excite your customers. This often means being more innovative. Innovation can create a buzz around your company and regu lar rewards give customers a deeper sense of appreciation.If you are launching a new product or opening a new store, make sure you make the event more special. It could have giveaways and other such competitions and you could team up with other local businesses.Rewards are a big part of out-competing your competition, as they ensure your customers have extra incentive to continue shopping with you. Just look at all the big supermarket chains and coffee shops, for example. They run loyalty schemes that ensure the customers are incentivized to keep coming back. Small businesses should definitely aim for the same.Loyalty schemes, when organized properly, don’t cost that much and can provide more gains to the business. It’s also a good idea to consider teaming up with local businesses for rewards and promotions. For example, you could offer customers in your bookshop the chance to get a pedicure at the local spa, while the spa could advertise and even stock some of your specialty bo oks on relaxing and wellbeing.HOW TO SPEED UP THE LEARNING CURVE?The above strategies are all great for out-competing businesses in any industry. But anyone who has worked in the business world knows, implementing the winning strategies isn’t always straightforward. Each business in your industry will be looking over their shoulders, trying to find the magic ingredient for staying ahead.The best way to guarantee you out-compete your competition is by learning faster than your competition. If you can master the above strategies and learn the winning tactics quicker than your competition, you’ll end up on top.But how can you speed up the learning curve when it comes to business?Create a database of your customersGetting new customers makes learning harder and it costs more than attaining old ones. A clever business focuses on the customers they already have and learns from them, in order to grow the customer base.Instead of focusing solely on sales, you want to focus on creating l asting relationships. If your customers keep coming back, the sales numbers will also follow.If you want to learn about the things your business is doing right and the things it is failing in, listen to your customers. Create a proper customer database and measure different metrics of customer behavior. Which promotions make your customers shop more? What are the biggest complaints for customer service? What is the rate of return for shoppers?By understanding your customers better through a strong customer database, you can innovate accordingly and focus on the strengths while improving your weak points.Don’t get stuck with what others are doingThe only business you truly need to be concerned about is the one you are running. Getting your business to succeed has nothing to with the competition you are faced with. As Steve Blank, tech entrepreneur from Silicon Valley, said in an Entrepreneur article, “The only people who can put startups out of business in the first 18 months are themselves”. You must get your business to run smoothly and to ensure your business plan is viable. Your company needs to have its own business values, strategies and USP â€" being stuck with what others are doing won’t lead to business success. Each business will do things differently because no two businesses are alike.It isn’t to say that understanding your competitors isn’t important. It is crucial, but you cannot create a business plan solely around what others are doing. Copying another strategy or approach will quickly get your business into trouble. On the other hand, learning from others won’t.Furthermore, the point was wonderfully illustrated by Olivier Poirier-Leroy, former national level swimmer, who wrote that swimmers who focus on the process end up swimming faster than swimmers focused on results. If you are looking over your shoulder and only thinking about beating your competition, the task can overwhelm you. If you look at your business only in compariso n with the competition, success might seem like a far away dream.On the other hand, if you focus on what you are doing, implement your strategy well, then the results will follow.Collaborate and co-operate with other companiesInformation can ease your learning process and one of the best ways to gain knowledge is by collaborating with other businesses. As mentioned above, it’s a good idea to seek companies within your community and team up against the ‘big guys’.Collaborating isn’t only great for marketing your business; it can also help you understand your market potential better. If a specific collaboration works well, you can analyze what made it so fruitful. Perhaps there is a market out there you haven’t considered before and by co-operating with the community you end up finding it.In addition, you also want to use your customers to your advantage. Loyal customers can have a huge impact in attracting more customers to your business. We’ve all heard about the power o f social media and online reviews, but you must put this information to good use as well.Learn about your competitors’ changes in strategy, product or serviceAs pointed out earlier, while you don’t want to copy your competition, you still need to learn from their strategy. By analyzing the product and service, you can find the company’s USP and compare how it differs from yours. It can help you to differentiate yourself further and point out to customers the benefits of choosing you over your competitors.Learning from and scrutinizing competitors’ strategy, product or service becomes even more vital as you gain bigger market share. When you’ll become the top dog, so to speak, your competitors will want to out-compete you. At this moment, it can benefit you greatly, if you understand what the competitors are aiming to do better than you.But it must be stressed here you still don’t want to focus solely on your competitors’ strategy. If your customers are convinced by you r USP, then continue improving your product through in-house innovation and focus on customer needs rather than what other companies are doing.THE BOTTOM LINEThe business world can be quite a dog-eat-dog world and competing against your competitors will be a part of business success. But the best way to gain competitive advantage is to stay ahead of your competition by focusing on fine-tuning your own business.If you define your market well and find the right USP to attract customers, you can carve out a market presence even in the toughest of industries. Creating a solid business strategy to out-compete means you need to learn faster than your competition and turn their weaknesses into your strengths.

Legalization of Marijuana Essay - 1426 Words

Today, marijuana is arguably the most common used illicit drug in the world. Marijuana, also scientifically known as cannabis, is a very illustrious and controversial issue in today’s society. Even with all the malicious claims that have been made about cannabis in recent history, the truth is finally starting to resurface. In regard, there is still a skewed perception of a sluggish and unmotivated America which is the result of almost a hundred years of propaganda and misinformation spread by private interests for their own personal gains. Therefore, the laws should be reconsidered at today’s standards, and make marijuana legal for all uses. The first thing that should be accounted for is all the medical uses of marijuana. Cannabis has†¦show more content†¦One point that many people seem to overlook on the legalization of marijuana is the industrial and commercial use of the plant. Hemp is another form of cannabis but has less than 1% of THC. Over 25,000 prod ucts can be obtained from the components of hemp. Hemp fibers are very strong and can make many products such as paper, fabrics and rope. A single acre of hemp can yield about four times as much paper as it can from an acre of trees. Also it takes less than half the time to cultivate cannabis then it does to cultivate trees. Hemp seeds also have more protein than soy. Marijuana can also be broken down and extract a substance called cellulose. Cellulose can then be turned into a bio-fuel called cellulosic ethanol. This can power automobiles and many other technologies today. This could then relieve our reliance on gasoline, and turn to more alternative and green fuel to help our economy and environment. Cellulose can also be obtained from corn stalk, but at even amounts, marijuana yields four times as much cellulose then corn. So with all these uses for marijuana, why was it banned in the first place? Contrary to popular belief, the reason marijuana was made illegal had nothing to d o with health issues. The real reason was simple, good old traditional business. The methods of processing paper and plastics soon became more available and affordable, which led business leaders such as William RandolphShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Legalization of Cannabis in Ohio Marijuana is a controversial topic all across the United States. Recently marijuana has been voted on, legalized, and denied legalization in multiple states. There are still more states trying to fight the green fight for marijuana. The fight for legalization hasn’t been an easy one for cannabis supporters; they have been fighting tooth and nail to make it happen. One of the main concerns in the marijuana debates are whether or not marijuana is a gateway drugRead MoreLegalization Of Marijuana And Marijuana1633 Words   |  7 PagesBalyuk March 8, 2016 Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana has a few different names that are commonly used in today’s society including weed and cannabis. Weed is smoked with joints, bongs, or pipes. Marijuana can also be mixed with foods usually brownies, cookies, and candy which are called edibles. The main chemical responsible for the high feeling is called THC but marijuana also contains over 500 chemicals. The chemical is found in resin produced by the leaves and buds. â€Å"Marijuana is the most commonlyRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization Essay2566 Words   |  11 Pagescurrent prohibition on marijuana reforms has put the United States in a similar situation. Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, â€Å"95 million Americans age 12 and older have tried pot at least once, and three out of every four illicit-drug users reported using marijuana within the previous 30 days† (ONDCP). The decriminalization and eve ntually legalization for the recreational use of marijuana will bring forth benefitsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1282 Words   |  6 Pages On November 8th, 2016, the California Marijuana Legalization Initiative may be included on the ballot. The people of California will vote on whether to legalize the recreational use of cannabis for adults. The move targets at regulating the consumption of the drug and taxing it like other legalized drugs. California was the first state to legalize medical marijuana in 1996 (National Institute of Drug Abuse). The state prohibited any legal actions from being taken on patients and recognized caregiversRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1660 Words   |  7 PagesKyler Smith 9/15 â€Å"Marijuana Legalization† The legality of cannabis varies from country to country. Possession of cannabis is illegal in most countries and has been since the beginning of widespread cannabis prohibition in the late 1930s. However, possession of the drug in small quantities had been decriminalized in many countries and sub-national entities in several parts of the world. Furthermore, possession is legal or effectively legal in the Netherlands, Uruguay, and in the US states of ColoradoRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana And Marijuana Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana or Cannabis is one of the bused drugs in America and the rest of the world. Interesting accumulating evidence show that the significant negative impact of this drug outweighs the positive effects. However, the medical benefits of the drug seem on the process of chemical compounds as compared to the drug itself. Medical debates show that chemical compound in marijuana are the problem as compared to the plant. The said chemical compound af fects the mental and physical health of the personsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization996 Words   |  4 Pages the monetary gain of its legalization for most has been productive to say the least. For example, Denver Colorado is on track to more than triple the marijuana tax revenue this year alone. $44 million was collected in 2014. In July 2015, 73.5 million was collected, while 19.6 million went to schools. A place such as Chicago could really use the legalization to help with the school system infrastructure issues they have. With a deficit of over 1.1 billion marijuana sales could alleviate bothRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana1550 Words   |  7 PagesLegalization of Marijuana: Benefits and Statistics The topic of legalizing marijuana has been a topic of controversy for quite some time now not only throughout our local streets, but throughout the local and into the state government. The legalization of marijuana is such a controversial topic because some are for it and some are against it. People are for the legalization because of the great uses it has towards medicine, the money that could come from the taxation of legalized marijuana, andRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana972 Words   |  4 PagesOn January 1st the states of Colorado and Washington officially began the regulation of legal marijuana sales. Thousands of people from all over the country including tourists from Wisconsin, Ohio, Chicago, and even Georgia lined up out front of dispensaries to make a purchase. Recreational marijuana is being regulated and monitored like alcohol; you must be at least 21 years old to make a purchase. The drug, which is controversial in many states’ legislations, is currently l egal for medical useRead MoreThe Legalization of Marijuana628 Words   |  2 PagesThe Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana, the plant of the cannabis, has been around since the early 1900’s. Throughout history, marijuana has been used illegally, for both recreational and medical uses. Recently, marijuana has been used for medicinal purposes, like aiding HIV/AIDs patients, healing migraines and controlling nausea caused by chemotherapy. Today, there are currently 21 American states that have legalized medicinal marijuana including two states that have legalized recreational marijuana

Is There A Water Shortage - 1269 Words

Have you ever wondered how much of the Earth’s water is drinkable? Well, the surface of the Earth is made up of 70% water. 97% of that water is saline, meaning salt water, which is found in oceans and seas. The last 3% is freshwater which humans need to survive and that number is going down. In the U.S., droughts, floods, and climate changes are rapidly going up. It is suggested that by the next 10 years one of many regions in the U.S. is going to face a water shortage. Over the last four years, Californians have gotten a big wake-up call, as drought forces them to reconsider water as a scarce commodity. The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, the region s water supplier, delivered 15% less water to cities in the greater†¦show more content†¦Less snowpack means less snow to melt and refill the state s reservoirs with fresh water people can use (Kincaid). In Colorado, officials told the Government Accountability Office they re keeping an eye on the effects of fracking on the state s water supply. Using water for fracking could contribute to local shortages in the drought-prone state, which only gets 12-16 inches of precipitation every year. Also in the West, the U.S. Census Bureau projects the populations of Nevada and Arizona will more than double between 2000 and 2030. However, those two states get some of the nation s lowest amounts of precipitation, so more people will be vying to use water resources that already aren t plentiful (Kincaid). While any given person may not be directly causing these water issues, everyone plays a role in how much drinkable water there is in the US. The U.S. Geological Survey estimated that the average American used 88 gallons of water per day in 2010. The entire human population in America uses 27,400 million gallons per day around the house, for stuff like preparing food, washing clothes, flushing toilets, and watering lawns (Kincaid). So, what can the government and citizens of the U.S. do to solve this problem? The Administration at the White House has announced a new water innovation strategy to help maintain and reserve water in the U.S. The first strategy calls for boosting water sustainability and long-term water security by increasing use of water

The City of Greater Geelong Free Essays

Background: First settled in 1803, as the 2nd largest metropolis in Victoria, Geelong is the chief regional hub and port for western Victoria where offers combination of employment and investing chances, wellness and instruction installations, fabulous shopping promenades and the many cultural assets including the Geelong Performing Arts Centre, gallery, museums and the botanic gardens. These allow occupants enjoy the benefit of diverse and multicultural communities in the growing of the metropolis. As consequence, Geelong has been turning 1-1. We will write a custom essay sample on The City of Greater Geelong or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5 per centum over the last 7 old ages. However, the tenancy rate is still low: Housing: In 2006, population in cardinal Geelong is 4355 individuals. By 2011 it is 4700 ( Jones Lang LaSalle ) . Residents ages of 20aˆ?24, 25aˆ?34 and 55 and over is greater in Central Geelong than others municipality as Central Geelong is popular with pupils and immature professionals and retired persons. 40.4 % of the home types is high and average denseness homes in Central Geelong compared to 13.9 % in Greater Geelong, although separate houses remain at 57.8 % of the lodging stock ( Jones Lang LaSalle ) . img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1408087.001.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1408087.001.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1408087.002.png"/ Beginning: Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene 2006 Census Population and Housing Office In 2012 there was 236,000m2 of office infinite in Central Geelong, of which merely 30 % is sensible quality, modern infinite. The bulk of Central Geelong’s office stock is of hapless quality, is unsuitable for many possible renters. Retail Market Square and Westfield Geelong Shopping Centre supply a diverse and comprehensive scope of retail signifier. Traditional strip retailing has struggled in recent old ages due in portion to the competition from the drawn-out Westfield and limited investing in single assets. The growing in on-line retailing addition vacancy rates in shopping strips such as Bridge Road in Richmond and Toorak Road in South Yarra ( Knight Frank Research 2013 ) . The bing floor infinite is dispersed north off along Ryrie Street and Moorabool Street and along Malop Street and farther north from propinquity to Westfield and is hence improbable to be economically feasible as retail floor infinite at any one clip in the hereafter. Introduction 75km to the south-west of Melbourne, cardinal Geelong is on a north confronting incline between Corio Bay and the Barwon River. The topographic point appears with dramatic landscape: the state, seashore, as the best finish to populate through comfortable and cohesive communities in an exceeding environment. Strongly believe in the strength of metropolis and its psyche is in people, a batch of attempts and accent has been placed on making vivacious societal nucleuss for local communities and metropolis cardinal where diverse groups of people can interact. Geelong Vision 2: With Vision 2, series of workshops have defined the challenges in trying to direct the transitioning of metropolis of Geelong from an industrial yesteryear to an urban hub’ ( Vision 2 Project Report, 2013 ) by 6 different integrated undertakings demonstrate on the regeneration of the CBD country. In this scheme, the Green Spine places the axial rotation of transforming the Malop street into the chief street that connects the train station to Eastern Park. It is designed to link the hub of the City Arrival to the freshly invigorated metropolis laneways and urban bosom in the effort to promote prosaic traffic to walk toward the metropolis Centre, reinvigorating the shopping country and making a sense of ambiance to the visitants to and dwellers of the metropolis. The City of Greater Geelong The City of Greater Geelong has demonstrated strong committedness to regenerating Central Geelong. Partnerships with State Government and other participants have been instrumental in exciting investing in the now iconic waterfront, major street plants, major events and prosecuting cardinal foundational capital undertakings such as the Library and Heritage Centre, Yarra Street Pier and Convention Centre. Cultural HERITAGE ( 22.09 ) Aims Central Geelong is located within the traditional district of the Wada Wurrung ( or Wathaurong ) Aboriginal Clan groups. Wool broking had shaped much of the early architecture. Large countries of the metropolis Centre have streetscape preservation value which is indispensable as heritage values of the metropolis. New investing and urban reclamation could be attracted to the metropolis Centre and supply a originative reuse of the city’s built heritage. Keep the visibleness of St Mary’s Basilica Spire from beyond the metropolis Centre. Map of Individual heritage listings and precincts img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1408087.001.png"/ Community Arts and Culture Key Subjects: The cultural humanistic disciplines precinct is home to the Geelong Art Gallery, Library, Heritage Centre, Performing Humanistic disciplines Centre and the Courthouse Youth Arts Centre Geelong plays host to a figure of major events such as cycling, seafaring, triathlon and music festivals. Events a figure of major events such as cycling, seafaring, triathlon, music and sail ship is hold annually to promote visitant and activate of the metropolis Centre. Central Geelong Marketing has run activities such as the School Holiday plan, Sidewalk Gross saless and Night Markets that conveying in about $ 4 million yearly to Central Geelong. There are besides regular markets including a husbandmans market. Open Space Key Subjects: Johnstone Park is surrounded by a figure of of import civic edifices: City Hall, Geelong Gallery, Peace Memorial and Regional Libra Central Geelong features some outstanding Parkss and public infinites. These include the Geelong waterfront, Eastern Park, Botanic Gardens and Johnstone Park The new image of Geelong Station Precinct will be immensely different from the 1 that exists at present. Rather than an unfastened wrapping of asphalt punctuated by a few base entirely edifices, it will offer a much more mature individuality, one that has the possible to go every bit much a signature for Geelong as the Waterfront ; RAILWAY STATION PRECINT The Geelong Railway Station Precinct has long been identified as a major chance for alteration in the Greater City of Geelong. It is Geelong’s hub for province, regional and local conveyance systems and is ideally located to move as a focal point for the western border of the CBD. It sits strategically between La Trobe Terrace and Mercer Street, two of Geelong’s major inner links, and is close to the Civic and Justice Precincts, Deakin University and the Geelong Waterfront. i‚Â ·iˆ The Precinct is inactive for most of the twenty-four hours, outside of peak hours. i‚Â ·iˆ The precinct will be to the full landscaped, to a standard equivalent to the Geelong Waterfront. i‚Â ·iˆ The renovation chances of the Precinct demand to be determined. i‚Â ·iˆ The function of the freshly developed Precinct within Geelong needs to be assessed, and i‚Â ·iˆ The sequence for future land development needs to de determined. BUILT FORM The Court and Police Station composite was built in 1991 at the south-eastern corner of the Precinct. As the expiration point of the axis formed by Fenwick Street and located in such a strategic location, this installation could hold made a really positive part to its urban context. However this composite of 2 floors brick edifices provides merely one active frontage – that to Railway Terrace – while its eastern sideaˆ?is virtually a space wall to Mercer Street. Its northern border acts as its ‘back-of-house’ and is unaccessible to the general populace but however seeable from many nearby vantage points. At the City-wide graduated table, indicates the bing patterning of urban grid signifiers in this western Geelong area- the City Centre Grid itself, the somewhat offset grid get downing and stretching due wests from La Trobe Terrace, and the Grid formed by Mercer Street and its feeder roads which penetrates into the two chief grid signifiers from the North. There are comparatively few edifices within the Station Precinct, as shown by the Figure Ground Plan. The bing country occupied by the Station installations, the Victorian Railway Institute edifice, the Station Courts/ Police and Kia franchise covers merely a little proportion of the Precinct ; with the staying country being dominated by entree ways and parking. possible prosaic nexus Vehicular nexus How to cite The City of Greater Geelong, Essay examples

UNCC for Power of Team Leadership- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theUNCC for Power of Team Leadership. Answer: Identifying a global challenge or issue Shared responsibility and common good are quite interlinked with each other because it deals with the betterment of the society and the people. The human beings form a larger part of the society and the duty of the people is to maintain the integrity of the society by developing such norms for exercising the important things for the human beings, especially those who are lagging behind (Edwards Penney, 2014). These people are lagging behind because they are unable to avail the facilities of the society. The common good is the thing that helps the people to do good for the individuals so they can flourish in their lives and the whole community can be benefitted from the common good. To do good to the individuals and the entire community is the shared responsibility of the people (Barna, 2013). One such global issue is education that has not been regarded and taken care of to an extent that it should have been done. Education is such a thing that has to be provided to all the people in the world and it is a shared responsibility of the community. The welfare of self and the community is well associated with it. Education has a huge role to play in transforming the 21st century dimensions (Beetham Sharpe, 2013). The purpose of education is to spread the enlightenment across the world. The spread of education in the perfect way is not done properly in these days and it is in jeopardy. This is high time to think upon it and do the common good for the people. The society is getting connected through social media and other platforms but the evils and intolerance and conflict are rising every day. Every society is going through a deep transformation and there is an urgent need for the people to get accustomed to it. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for the society to share the responsibility of the education to understand the purpose of the changes and decide if it is for good or bad (Peters, 2015). Proposing ways to address the challenge This challenge of intolerance and conflicts among the human beings has to be stopped in order to make the society and the planet earth a better place to live in. The society and the experts have to think about some ways that this challenge can be curbed. It has been to the context that new power hubs have been increasing due to globalization (Stromquist Monkman, 2014). People from different parts from the world are getting opportunities to work in the different levels at different countries. They are looking to put their names on the global standards by exercising their expertise in their respective fields. However, the problem lies in another place. The people are quite educated enough in terms of degrees but they are not at all educated enough from the moral perspectives (Sherif, 2015). The conflicts among the human beings have been a rising problem in the global perspectives. The cross-cultural differences have raised a much hue and cry. The economic, social, cultural and environmental development of the entire society largely depends upon the fact how the people have been educated. If they do not learn to respect and show dignity to each other, they will probably never learn the aspects of social benevolence and the act of help. The humanistic vision of education is seen as doing common good to the people of the country and the society at large. The people must be taught about the cultural competence, showing respect to everyone whether elder or smaller in age and to focus on learning the environments of the business. This will help them to assess and comprehend what things are to be improved in order to maintain the integrity of the projects (Yousefi et al., 2014). The people in the society have to understand what they are lacking to learn the business environmen ts. The sustainable development of the business environment has to be achieved. In order to do that the common good has to be served by all the people who invariably are the parts of it. The shared responsibility of the people is to understand what things are needed in order to cope up with the lacks that a human being has. Campaigns can be arranged to raise the awareness among the people in the society who do not have the idea on how to adjust to the problems of the society. The experts may be given the duty to do the common good for them (Machin, Salvanes Pelkonen, 2012). They should be given training on the moral aspects in the society. The global organizations like the UNO can take the initiatives to make a global campaign to raise the awareness among the people of the society. Only then the people can be educated in the true manner. It is a tried and tested fact that education is the best transformative force in the world. The most powerful method is the fact that the adults and the youth should be learned about the basic etiquettes to be maintained in the society. This factor should be looked at form a broader perspective. They must foster learning throughout their lives. The children should be sent to the primary schools from an early age and they should learn the etiquettes from that time only. This would help them to develop an understanding how to behave rightly. The primary educations should be made a basic right in every country and a mandatory thing. If anyone breaks this, the parents should be punished. The girl children should also be educated as it has been seen that the girls are deprived from the lights of education. This way the common good can be done by the shared responsibility of the teachers, educators and the change agents. Human rights and the sense of dignity should be taught to the children. The educators should possess a better knowledge about how to implement the change process within the society. The social evils like poverty and lack of social justice can be eradicated only if the light of education is spread (Mihai, ?i?an Manea, 2015). The social sustainability is required to reform the society in a proper way. These social challenges have to be fought by keeping one thing in mind and i.e. to save the society by any means. In order to do that, people can give their best efforts in many ways. The solidarity in the international level should be maintained in every sense. This factor will have to be the priority for the people within the society. Education is the foremost right of all the human beings (Janks, 2014). The common good of the society can be done only if the educators, teachers and the change agents take the shared responsibility to do the common good for the society in order to educate everyone. There are high chances that the society may get indulged in various ill things that could seriously affect the society seriously (Janks, 2014). The common good must be done to save the society from the grasp of degradation. The social justice has to be established by implementing the equal rights among the people. This is how the goals can be achieved. References Barna, G. (2013).The power of team leadership: Achieving success through shared responsibility. WaterBrook. Beetham, H., Sharpe, R. (Eds.). (2013).Rethinking pedagogy for a digital age: Designing for 21st century learning. routledge. Edwards, C. H., Penney, D. E. (2014).Elementary differential equations with boundary value problems. Pearson Higher Ed. Janks, H. (2014). Critical literacy's ongoing importance for education.Journal of Adolescent Adult Literacy,57(5), 349-356. Machin, S., Salvanes, K. G., Pelkonen, P. (2012). Education and mobility.Journal of the European Economic Association,10(2), 417-450. Mihai, M., ?i?an, E., Manea, D. (2015). Education and Poverty.Procedia Economics and Finance,32, 855-860. Peters, R. S. (2015).Authority, responsibility and education. Routledge. Sherif, M. (2015).Group conflict and co-operation: Their social psychology(Vol. 29). Psychology Press. Stromquist, N. P., Monkman, K. (Eds.). (2014).Globalization and education: Integration and contestation across cultures. RL Education. Yousefi, Z., Forghani, N., Farokhinezhad, P., Farsi, M. (2014). Globalization and education.Advances in Environmental Biology, 772-776.

A Profile of Byzantine Emperor Alexios Komnenos

A Profile of Byzantine Emperor Alexios Komnenos Alexius Comnenus, also known as  Alexios Komnenos, is perhaps best known for seizing the throne from Nicephorus III and founding the Comnenus dynasty. As emperor, Alexius stabilized the government of the empire. He was also Emperor during the First Crusade. Alexius is the subject of a biography by his learned daughter, Anna Comnena. Occupations: EmperorCrusade WitnessMilitary Leader Places of Residence and Influence: Byzantium (Eastern Rome) Important Dates: Born: 1048Crowned: April 4, 1081Died: Aug. 15, 1118 About Alexius Comnenus Alexius was the third son of John Comnenus and a nephew of Emperor Isaac I. From 1068 to 1081, during the reigns of Romanus IV, Michael VII, and Nicephorus III, he served in the military; then, with the help of his brother Isaac, his mother Anna Dalassena, and his powerful in-laws the Ducas family, he seized the throne from Nicephorus III. For more than half a century the empire had suffered from ineffective or short-lived leaders. Alexius was able to drive the Italian Normans from western Greece, defeat Turkic nomads whod been invading the Balkans, and halt the encroachment of the Seljuq Turks. He also negotiated agreements with Sulayman ibn Qutalmà ¯sh of Konya and other Muslim leaders on the empires eastern border. At home he strengthened the central authority and built up military and naval forces, thus increasing imperial strength in portions of Anatolia (Turkey) and the Mediterranean. These actions helped stabilize Byzantium, but other policies would cause difficulties for his reign. Alexius made concessions to powerful landed magnates which would serve to weaken the authority of himself and future emperors. Although he maintained the traditional imperial role of protecting the Eastern Orthodox Church and repressed heresy, he also seized funds from the Church when necessary, and would be called to account for these actions by the ecclesiastical authorities. Alexius is well known for appealing to Pope Urban II for help in driving the Turks from Byzantine territory. The resulting influx of Crusaders would plague him for years to come.

Hexapods Are a Diverse Group of Six-Legged Arthropods

Hexapods Are a Diverse Group of Six-Legged Arthropods Hexapods are a group of arthropods that include more than one million described, species, most of which are insects, but a handful of which belong to the lesser-known group Entognatha. In terms of the sheer number of species, no other family of animals comes close to the hexapods; these six-legged arthropods are, in fact, over twice as diverse as all other vertebrate and invertebrate animals combined. Most hexapods are terrestrial animals, but there are some exceptions to this rule. Some species live in aquatic freshwater habitats such as lakes, wetlands, and rivers, while others inhabit coastal marine waters. Hexapods Avoid Sub-Tidal Marine Areas The only habitats that hexapods avoid are sub-tidal marine areas, such as oceans and shallow seas. The success of hexapods in colonizing land can be attributed to their body plan (especially the strong cuticles covering their bodies that provide protection from predators, infection and water loss), as well as their flying skills. Another successful attribute of hexapods is their  holometabolous development, a mouthful of a term which means that juvenile and adult hexapods of the same species are very different in their ecological requirements, immature hexapods using different resources (including food sources and habitat features) than the adults of the same species. Hexapods Are Vital But Also Pose Many Threats Hexapods are vital to the communities in which they live; for example, early two-thirds of all flowering plant species rely on hexapods for pollination. Yet hexapods also pose many threats. These small arthropods can inflict vast crop damage and are known to spread numerous debilitating and fatal diseases in humans and other animals. The body of a hexapod is made up of three sections, a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. The head has a pair of compound  eyes, a pair of antennae, and numerous mouthparts (such as mandibles, labrum, maxilla, and labium). The Three Segments of Thorax The thorax consists of three segments, the prothorax, the mesothorax, and the metathorax. Each segment of the thorax has a pair of legs, making for six legs in all (the forelegs, the middle legs, and the hind legs). Most adult insects also possess two pairs of wings; the forewings are located on the mesothorax and the hind-wings are attached to the metathorax. Wingless Hexapods Although most adult hexapods have wings, some species are wingless throughout their life cycles or lose their wings after a certain period before adulthood. For example, parasitic insect orders such as lice and fleas no longer have wings (although their ancestors of millions of years ago did have wings). Other groups, such as the Entognatha and Zygentoma, are more primitive than classic insects; not even the ancestors of these animals had wings. Many hexapods have evolved alongside plants in a process known as coevolution. Pollination is one example of a coevolutionary adaptation between plants and pollinators in which both parties benefit. Classification Hexapods are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy: Animals Invertebrates Arthropods Hexapods Hexapods are divided into the following basic groups: Insects (Insecta) - There are more than one million species of insects that have been identified, and scientists estimate that there may be many millions more species yet to be named. Insects have three pairs of legs, two pairs of wings and compound eyes.Springtails and their relatives (Entognatha) - The mouthparts of springtails, such as the two-pronged bristletails and the proturans (or coneheads), can be retracted within their heads. All entognaths lack wings. Edited on February 10, 2017, by Bob Strauss

Use emotional intelligence for your benefit Essay

Use emotional intelligence for your benefit - Essay Example With emotional intelligence, an individual is able to avoid troubles that would otherwise be detrimental to their physical and psychological health. Precisely, emotional intelligence has numerous benefits to individuals who posses and practice the value. Emotional intelligence helps in enhancing self-awareness, which refers to the ability to understand oneself in terms of strengths and weaknesses. Understanding ones strengths is important in a helping one direct their energies towards the most appropriate and beneficial commitments. Exploitation of one’s strengths is important considering that it may lead to self-actualization, which entails achieving the best out of oneself (AlDakeel 52). Understanding one’s weaknesses is also important in helping an individual develop proper techniques to counter the effects of particular weaknesses. Ability to manage effects of particular weaknesses may help an individual in avoiding stresses that may result from the effects. Effective self-awareness brought by emotional intelligence can help an individual to gain skills to detect, identify and manage situations that likely to cause discord to one. AlDakeel mentions that emotional intelligence is also attributable to effective emotional management (52). Individuals who have high levels of emotional intelligences are able to detect and understand particular emotions together with their likely consequence. Understanding emotions before causing unwanted effects also train individuals about techniques and measures to manage particular stressful situations. The ability to manage emotions create ample room for understanding others, and helping one guide others into sober negotiations to resolve issues that are controversial. In so doing, emotional intelligence will be assisting in the process of effective decision-making. Improved social awareness is another benefit derivable from emotional intelligence. Social

Main idea and themes of Raphael's 'Madonna of the Meadow' Essay

Main idea and themes of Raphael's 'Madonna of the Meadow' - Essay Example Actually, the triangle represents the unity and responsibilities of the trinity, which is symbolized by the three edges of the triangular shape. In the short film, the painter has passed his message of religious belief to other for centuries since his demise. Apparently, the painter has proved an important point: that painting is one of the ways to pass a message. Moreover, a message passed through painting can indeed last long. Even though there has been an evolution in terms of painting with the modern technology threatening to push others into oblivion, Raphael’s work is still significant. Additionally, Raphael seeks to show the God’s commitment to assisting humankind. The red color is used to signify the inevitable shedding of Christ’s blood while the cross is interpreted as the subsequent death. Finally, the painting of the woman represents Mary, the mother Christ whose are eyes are fixed Christ, the expected savior (Weyant, p.4). In short, Raphael seeks to express his religious affiliation through

Pantaloons Retail India Limited

Pantaloons Retail India Limited Future Group focuses most in the retail segment and most of its businesses are built around the same. Future Groups retail network operates 1,000 stores for more than 200 million Indians in 73 cities and 65 rural locations across the country in 16 million square feet of retail space. Some of the most popular retail chains of India like Pantaloons (chain of fashion destinations), Big Bazaar (hypermarket chain), Food Bazaar (supermarket chain) and Central (chain of seamless destination malls) Brand Factory, Planet Sports, ALL, Top 10 and Star and Sitara are managed by Future group. Indias most popular online shopping portal www.futurebazaar.com is also owned by the Future Group. Home building and home improvement products and services are also led through the groups formats, like the Home Town (large-format home solutions store), Collection i (formats specialized for home furniture and home furnishing) and Furniture Bazaar and consumer electronics through eZone and Electronics Bazaar. Aadhaar, Indias leading rural retailing chain has a presence in more than 65 rural locations. It acts as a complete solution provider for the Indian farmer. Pantaloons Retail India Limited Pantaloon Retail (India) Limited is one of the leading retailers in India. Mr. Kishore Biyani, is the founder and is famously known as Indias King of Retail. Pantaloon has revolutionized the retail fraternity. With its headquarter in Mumbai, Pantaloons operates multiple retail formats in value and lifestyle segment. Pantaloons plans to increase its retail space to 30 million sq. ft. by 2011. PRIL is sub-divided into: Pantaloons Big bazaar Food Bazaar Fashion Station All Blue sky E-zone Collection 1 Home town Central Mall 2001 Indias first hypermarket chain Big bazaar is launched 2002 Food bazaar, a supermarket chain is launched 2006 Future groups financial arm, Future capital holdings launches two real estate funds Pantaloons High fashion family department, geared toward Indian middle and upper classes. In 2005, pantaloons rolled out a new merchandise and brand communication campaign to position itself as fashion trendsetter appeal to Indias youth. Central Mall It is positioned as a place for shopping, eat and enjoying. Big Bazaar Big Bazaar hypermarket concept was started in 2007 by PRIL. It was designed to integrate elements of an Indian bazaar with recent retailing features like parking of vehicles, AC shopping environment and privilege of replacing merchandise. Food Bazaar The first outlet of Food Bazaar opened in June 2002, within a Big Bazaar store, six month later the chain had grown to 42 outlets: 18 stand alone. Future Groups main businesses are : E-commerce Futurebazaar.com, Pantaloons website has changed the e-commerce business in India. A wide range of products are made available at affordable prices. PC World has named the website as the Best Indian Website for 2007 in the Shopping category. Food In the food section, a lot of options are available like Food Bazaar Chain of large super markets Brew Bar Its a beer bar Cafà © Bollywood -Its a eateries chain which is PAN India Chamosa Snack counter Sports Bar A Bistro which is dedicated to the sports world Fashion Varieties of options are available in this section like Top 10, Central, Blue Sky, Etam, Fashion Station, Gini, Jony, Navaras and ALL. Home Electronics Furniture store called Collection i Electronic goods and appliances store called Electronics Bazaar Electronics Items store called e-zone Home furniture store called Furniture Bazaar One destination for all home needs called Home Town Leisure Entertainment A family entertainment center called Bowling Co. A store offering gaming options from bowling, pool, video games to bumper cars called F 123 Wellness Beauty Health Village Its a yoga center as well a spa Star Sitara: A beauty salon for men and women Tulsi Allopathic, homeopathic and ayurvedic medicinal products are provided Turmeric Beauty products like colour cosmetics, fragrances, herbal and specialty skin items, hair products and bath accessories are offered. Books Music Depot It offers stationary, CDs and books Major Achievements of Pantaloon Retail 2007 International Retailer of the Year 2007 Emerging market Retailer of the Year 2007 According to Hewitt Best Employers Survey Best Employers in India (Rank 14th) 2006 Best Managed Company in India (Mid-cap) for the year 2006 Image Retail Awards for Best Value Retail Store, Best Retail Destination, and Best Food Grocery Store. Retail Black Hole Model The Black hole model is also known as The Retail EST Model. It was developed by J.C Williams Group. According to this model a retailer can win if he is the best in one of the several retail offerings i.e to say that the company is clearly positioned in one or more preferred locations to win and hence they are the strategic differentiators. The losers gravitate to central position, are not best at anything and are sucked into the black hole of retailing We have a store opening virtually every fortnight; I have lost count now of how many I have opened Kishore Biyani Big Bazaar A paradigm shift to the Modern Retail Big Bazaar is a unit of Pantaloon Retail (India) Ltd and caters to the Great Indian Middle Class. It is like an Indian bazaar or mandi or mela, the environment created by traders to give shoppers a sense of moment. The personality of big bazaar is one of an entity being authentically no-frills. The personality of the brand is self expressed by its tagline Is se sasta aur accha kahin nahi It sells a variety of merchandise at affordable rates, the prices of which it claims are lowest in the city. Usually the items are clubbed together for offers as on the lines of Wal-Mart and Carrefour, offer weekend discounts and works on the same economy model as Wal-Mart and has considerable success in many Indian cities and small towns. Food Bazaar format was added as Shop-In-Shop within Big Bazaar in the year 2002. Big Bazaar and Food Bazaar blend the look, feel and touch of Indian Bazaar with modern retail concepts of choice, convenience and quality. PRODUCT MIX TARGET AUDIENCE Higher and upper middle class customers are the target segment of Big bazaar. Another preferred customer segment is the young and growing population of the country. Big bazaar primarily targets the women folk and home makers who they feel are the primary decision makers. CORE COMPETENCIES Product range consisting of more than 20,000 products. Has a strong supply chain spanning one thousand five hundred cities and towns in India. Big bazaar has tie ups with world leaders in logistical services. Big bazaar has created a helpline for solving the queries of customers. Offers manufacturers guarantee as opposed to sellers guarantee. Good quality at reasonable cost. STRATEGIES: Minimize retailing cost. Minimize operating expenses by employing fewer floor staff -single person for every 500 sq ft. Keep furniture cost to minimum. Cut down expenses related to sourcing by almost 25-30%. Increasing the overall efficiency of logistics by creating mother-hubs all across India for the purpose of sourcing products from regional/local vendors. Slashing channel cost by up to 25%. Economizing Shelf Space Dealing with unsold stock in an effective manner. Ensuring enough pull to snatch away customers from the neighbourhood. Introducing the concept of todays price wherein a products is chosen on a daily basis and sold at lower than usual price. Big Bazaars New Marketing Strategy: A new marketing strategy, based on guerrilla marketing has been launched by big bazaar. The guerrilla force is divided into small groups to selectively attack the target at its weak points. As a part of this strategy Future group has come up with three catchy and cocky advertisement campaigns. Keep West-a-Side. Make a smart choice! Shoppers! Stop. Make a smart choice! Change Your Lifestyle. Make a smart choice! STRATEGIC ANALYSIS SWOT analysis of Big Bazaar PEST ANALYSIS Political and Legal Factors: A stable government at the centre creates an encouraging investment climate Problems of getting subsidy from Octrai and on different taxes like land, water taxes A less complicated taxation structure(GST) on the horizon. Problems regarding taking over properties and real estate. Easing restrictions on FDI by the government leading to easier import of foreign consumer goods, thereby bringing variety to the Indian market place. Economical: India is one of the fastest growing economies, next only to China (7-7.5% GDP growth rate). Retail Industry to grow leaps and bounds by 2015 due to the consumption driven economy of the country. Increase in the percentage contribution of the service sector to GDP. Increased emphasis on infrastructural growth in the current 5 year plan will help reduce some of the bottlenecks in the retail segment. Socio-Cultural Factors: Increase in Nuclear families Increase in working womens proposition Life style changes Shift in Product and service preferences Increase in Young population giving the country a demographic advantage Technological: Technological development for fast billing and the service Better applications of information technology in the modern retail industry, like in supply chain management, store management, point of sale and customer relationship management Porters Five Forces Model 7 P Analysis of Big Bazaar Product There is a wide range of products on offer at Big-bazaar, ranging from apparels, food, farm products, furniture, child care, toys, etc. Products of all the major brands are available at Big Bazaar. A lot of in house brands (private labels) are also promoted by Big Bazaar. Price The tag-line of Big Bazaar is Is se sasta aur accha aur kahin nahi. The model on which Big bazaar works is one of economies of scale. Maximum Market Share (market penetration pricing) is the major objective of pricing at Big bazaar. Place Big-bazaar has a pan India presence with more than seventy-five outlets spread across fifty cities. Big Bazaar has presence in almost all the major Indian cities. Kishore Biyani is very aggressive when it comes to expansion plans of Big bazaar. As per Biyani, the cost of real estate should preferably be less than 5% of total sales of store if one wants to provide maximum benefit to customers. Securing spaces before other retailers join in has been a strategic decision of Big bazaar which has resulted in cost-saving. Promotion Many novel cross sell and upsell strategies have been developed by Big bazaar in Indian retail market. Big Bazaar uses various promotional techniques such as saal ke sabse saste teen din, Future card, Shakti card, using M.S.Dhoni as brand ambassador, Exchange offers such as junk swap offer, POP promotions. Print media, TV, Radio (FM) and road-side bill-boards are some of the many means used by Big bazaar for advertizing and effective communication. People People are considered to be one of the key assets in any organization and their importance is even more profound in the service sector. Big bazaars staff possesses some salient features such as: The staff is well trained for modern retail. Innovative thinking among the employees is encouraged at Big bazaar. Multiple payment counters, availability of stores staff for keeping baggage and presence of security guard at every gate. Process Some of the salient features of dispatch and purchasing area of goods include : Trolleys are available for carrying purchased items sufficient nos of counters for easy check-out are present. Information hoardings/banners for efficient identification of items at store Physical Evidence It deals with the final deliverable or the exhibit of written facts. The staff has standardized dress code to improve the overall appearance of the store (atmospherics). FINANCIAL ANALYSIS of PRIL PRIL Profit and Loss Statement Interpretation Total revenues have constantly been on the rise. This is partly due to the increasing sales resulting from aggressive expansion plans (opening up of outlets) of PRIL. PAT has also been on steady rise though it has flattened a bit in recent years probably due to higher operating costs, inability to transfer the increased cost to the customer etc. EPS has also been on a steady rise apart from a single occasion in 2007 when it went down. The reason could be a rights issue or other similar action leading to equity dilution. The return on capital employed has been decreasing YoY. This could because of concern for the company. The debt equity ratio has not been too volatile and has always been below 2 which is an indication of sound financial status of the company. Aggressive Marketing: Promotions The promotional activity of the company, which says Nobody Sells Cheaper and Better! has differentiated Big-Bazaar (as a brand) in the minds of the customer. The punch-line has made its place in minds of customer. As the competition is becoming stiff in the market the activities conducted by the company are unique, that have brought fruitful result to the company. Among them sales Promotions is one of the leading activity or unique among all other activities has high influence on the customer walk-in. As sales promotions is the major force for Big-Bazaar, Big Bazaar take it very seriously especially during festivals special occasions by focussing aggressively on psychological emotional promotion strategies as per the demographic profile of the various consumers. About 60-70% of shopping for apparel, consumer durables, and home furnishing, among other things, happen during festivals. At least 40-50% takes place during the peak festival season, between September and November. According to Ashni Biyani, 23, a team is set up six months ago comprising experts on Indian mythology and religion, retail and even an expert on days, seriously targeted one-third of the 150 auspicious days in the Hindu calendar. They map all the communities in India on how they shop and how these calendars work. They focus to understand intuitively, their customs, their rituals, adding that this is the part of a larger strategy to engage customers and to attract that India which lives in the deep-rooted communities. Sabse Saste 3 Din: The best watershed for brand Big Bazaar was the introduction of the Sabse Sasta Din in January 2005, when the Indian Republic Day holiday was utilized to make sure that hordes of consumers descended on all Big Bazaars across the country to buy all kinds of household items cheap. There were scenes of customers actually vigorously fighting over items in-store long queues were seen in the store. Big Bazaar like previous years, attracted large crowds during its three day sales event called Sabse Saste 3 Din organised to celebrate the Republic Day. Depending on the results, the event is sometimes extended to 5-6 days as it happened in 2008. The promotional event being organised by Big Bazaar every year has assumed great significance over the years. A large number of customers look forward to this event as hefty discounts on a range of products are offered to the customers in partnership with the retail chains vendors on this occasion. This is, perhaps, the biggest sales event being organised by any retailer in the country. Big Bazaar, which sold merchandise worth Rs 140 crores in 2007, garnered revenues of over Rs. 280 crores during the year 2008 the growth still continues unexpectedly. As mentioned by Kishore Biyani, the whole focus is low margins pushing volumes aggressively during these times which make the Big-Bazaar stick to its core Brand-Personality. Wednesday and Weekend Bazaar: One of the most popular events Wednesday Bazaar presents terrific offers and irresistible discounts on majority of the products. The Concept was to aim at giving the homemakers the power to save the most on this day of the week. Even on weekends when the footfall is the highest, eye-catching offers and discounts are promoted. The weekend promotions differentiated from the Wednesday bazaar in terms of the offers cross-selling and not on reducing the price of a particular product. This way they were able to differentiate both the concepts focus on avoiding confusion while promoting it to the consumers and also attract different type of consumers during these durations. Special event promotions: Maha Bachat Sale: Big Bazaars incorporates such as on Independence day by having Maha Bachat Sale which did a business of 1.5 crores in its Bangalore store alone. Maha Bachat focuses on further reducing the price as compared to the Wednesday Bazaar. Also on auspicious occasions such as Akshaya Tritiya which again did a business of 150Cr on a single day in Mumbai Ahmedabad last year. An event offering discounts, benefits and privileges to senior citizens were created and promoted on the Senior Citizens Day. Monthly Bachat Bazaar: Big Bazaar understands clearly the habits of Indian consumers. In Monthly Bachat Bazaar the prices are reduced at the start of every month in order to target those consumers who bulk purchase the products and especially the commodities every month. Price Challenge Campaign: Reinforcing Big Bazaars USP of value proposition, Is se sasta aur accha kahin nahi scheme was launched. The challenges promise to offer twice the price difference, if the cost of any of the item found in the store is found to be higher than the market price. This doesnt mean that the consumer actually go to other shops in order to compare the prices, but due to this challenge of Big-Bazaar, the consumers had more faith trust on the Big-Bazaar and hence were confident seeing the confidence level of Big-Bazaar which again built a strong brand differentiation of Big-Bazaar for low pricing. Exchange Offers: This promotion primarily focused on letting people disposing off their junk and to gain something out of it in return i.e. Bring anything old take anything new. They could exchange their products and shop from a huge spectrum of discounted products. This gave the motivation factor to consumers to give their old belongings for something worth hence their old is not getting waste or is unvalued. Since the Indian consumers are very much value conscious, this strategy worked out very well. Big-Bazaar also made it sure that the campaign is actually not fooling the consumers around and is actually giving the desired value focusing on the fact that faith thrashed is never recovered in India. In- Store Communications: To ensure that no one misses out on an opportunity to gain from special offers, service boys ferry around a trolley with the product inside, announcing the scheme. Not only is this entertaining it also helps customers pick up the product from the trolley instead of walking up to the rack where it is on display. Language Customization: To make sure that non-English speaking customers dont feel alienated, the communication is also conducted in the local language. The communication is always unambiguous and direct. The Power of One Campaign: This initiative encourages customers to add One Rupee to their bill towards donation to a social cause. Big Bazaar makes an equal contribution and donates the entire proceeds to an NGO called Save the Children India. This is a selfless body which has been working for the welfare of children from marginalized sections of society. Corporate campaign: Big Bazaar has recently launched a corporate campaign which revolves around a family having a great time together. The brand anthem Khushiyon se Bhari Jholi connects with the customers at an emotional level positioning Big Bazaar as part of the happy moments. Future Cards: Specifically for Big Bazaar outlets these credit-cum-loyalty card which offer customers a slew of discounts and benefits across Future Group stores are co-branded with ICICI Bank. Customers receive four loyalty points for every Rs 100 spent at Future groups retail stores and one loyalty point for every Rs 200 spent outside the groups retail stores. This creates a vicious cycle for the customers to repeat their purchases and is especially done by the consumers during special occasions. School Jao Khushi Khushi Providing Discounts School related requirements accessories like school bags, water bottles, lunchboxes, shoes etc. Promotions include: Pencil Case for purchase of above Rs 500. Free shopping trip worth Rs 1000/- for Sending ones experience of the Best day that you had in school the most humorous the best one is selected as a winner and to avail the offer. Lucky draw for the lucky kids shop for Rs 1,000 above, drop in your kids name into the drop box 10 lucky kids were provided with the offer 30% off on an NIIT course Motivational offer for Kids: Shop for Rs 500 or above, Parents are told to drop in the kids painting, the best painting is sponsored for an art course. Doston ke saath khushiyon manao Individual are invited with friends more the merrier shopping with 1 friend entitles the individual with 10% discount, coming with two friends get 20% discount etc on the total bill. Friendship band to every walk-in A friend indeed -people were told to drop their best friends name in the drop-box and in lucky draw the winner could win the major prize A Car!! Special treatment emotional connect for the individual his/her friend -free massage, tattoos, horoscope etc were provided for purchases above Rs 500/- above during the friendship day. Diwali Dhamaka: This campaign especially remains open for longer duration Huge discounts are seen over the board If purchase is above Rs 300/- two pairs of diya were provided to the customers Tie up with known mithaiwala: if one purchases above 1000/- people can avail discounts of 45% or above on the mithai purchased from that mithaiwala. Motivating the home made mithai recepies: Purchasing goods worth Rs 500 above, females were pulled to send the recipe of their secret mithai the best judged recipe gets a complete set of Sanjeev Kapoors cook-books Diwali Manao Abroad winning through lucky draw on purchases worth Rs 1,000 or above. Christmas Joy: Across the board discounts. Big Bazaars special surprise Christmas gift on purchase of over Rs 1000/- or above. Christmas-Card Design Contest: Design next years Christmas card for children and a gift voucher worth Rs. 500 were given to the best card winner. Big Bazaar Christmas party focussing on points vouchers through festival focussed games. Happy-Hours: All the discounts/offers were hiked up in a fixed hr of a day eg: Buy X and get Rs 10 off on that day will become Rs 15 off. Mystery-Shopper: Everyday, one person is tagged as the mystery shopper i.e. a) 100th person walking through the door wearing all red b) 1st person walking through the door wearing all red These person gets the discount of 50% on the total bill. Apke kismat mein hai khushi: Lucky is happy Based on scratch card Get all that you pick in 60 seconds till reaching the billing counter Assured gift for the bulk takers: Choose a gift from the listed items if the bill is above 1000/- This is used especially to push the non-moving goods which is usually put in the listed free gift items. Banto khushiyan har ek ke sang: Social causes Khilone se khushi bate Toy drop box was set in the big-bazaar store and the concept was promoted to ask for the toys from the families then the toys were sent to the social organisations working for underprivileged childrens. This has helped the underprivileged, generate goodwill, and have also attracted the floor traffic to store at the large scale. Supporting a charity Support through charity: Donation to the charity on the individuals name for purchasing above a specified amount. Customers were given an ornament with his or her name on it to hang signifying the donation by the individual. Advertisements: Advertising for Big-Bazaar is an essential component of brand building. The advertisement focusing on brand building of Big-Bazaar is done through various ways, Some of the techniques applied are: Tag Line: One of the key components of Big Bazaar is its Tag Lines. Designed according to the demographic profile of customers in order to get connected easily with simple one-liners. The catch liners includes Chane ke bhaw kaaju, Stall ke bhaw balcony etc. Holistic Advertisement: Promotes the brand and creates awareness among people. It is not targeted at promoting each store but only creates an image of Big-Bazaar as low-cost shopping option. The store has advertised through TV, road-shows and also started reality show typed promotional campaign The Big Bazaar Challenge Promotions like Sabse Sasta Din is very successful strategy to get footfall. Print-Ads: Just before the launch of any new schemes Big-Bazaar spends heavily on advertisements in print media especially newspapers. This is done in order to create a buzz about the big-bazaar brand its upcoming schemes. TV-Ads: various channels are utilized properly, also as per the demographics cultural channels the schemes, promotions especially the common brand tag-line is aired in order to create top of the mind awareness Road side Advertisements: As a brand building exercise, big-bazaar displays bill-boards in prime locations as per the target people. Focus is more on the phrases which is targeted to the needs of the customers as per the market conditions at that particular point of time. Radio-Ads: The major focus through radio ads is in Tier-12 cities. And the prime emphasis is given on radio ads for promotions in order to inform customers for all the new happenings schemes at Big-Bazaar. Fashion-Shows: The latest innovation of the Indian iconic brand is FASHION @ BIG BAZAAR Desh Badla, Bhesh Badlo. In order to make an effort to take the Fashion to the masses, a three-day fashion show was organized by Big-Bazaar on the streets of Bandra, Mumbai. Brand Endorsement by Celebrity: For marketing and advertising its brand name, value endorsement co-branding is used by Big Bazaar. Earlier Himesh Reshammiya Sanath Jaisuriya was associated with Big-Bazaar. Also, recently the current campaigns are being associated promoted with the Indian cricket ODI captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni. Communication through Media: Heavy spending is carried out for proper position of Big Bazaar through the different mediums. Paper advertisements are released just before the launch of any new scheme, billboards are displayed on prime locations, frequent TVCs are aired in prime time in various Indian channels for the mass, advertisements on FM channels about the current happenings are aired etc. Below the Line Promotion: Coupon, discount, more of the product at normal price, gift with purchase, competition, and prizes, money back offer, exchange offer, special occasion. Big Bazaar, in association with Star India Pvt Ltd, has launched a collection of designer ethnic wear under the brand Star Parivaar. Above the Line Promotion: Advertisements in Newspaper, TV, Internet (own website which give online shopping service), Partnership with Bigfilx, Big FM 92.7. Aggressive Pricing Strategy The tag-line is Is se Sasta aur accha aur kahin nahi make Big-Bazaar to differentiate itself from competitors in terms of only pricing the value at that price. Hence it makes it very important for the Big-Bazaar to always focus on the its pricing strategies to keep the prices always low compared to the competitors whatever the market, economy or the external conditions is. They work on the model of economics of scale. There pricing objective is to get Maximum Market Share. The various pricing techniques used at Big Bazaar are: EDLP Every Day Low Pricing: Big-Bazaar as a brand is differentiated through low pricing strategies. Hence it promises delivers the lowest available price without stressing on coupon clipping, discount promotions waiting time, or comparison shopping. Promotional-Pricing: Low interest rate financing is being offered by Big-Bazaar. Psychological discounting (Rs. 99, Rs. 49, etc.) strategy is used as a promotional tool. Special Event pricing (Close to Diwali, Gudi Padva, and Durga Pooja) is also the prime focus of big-bazaar for the reasons mentioned in the previous topic. Value-Pricing: Big-Bazaar sets selling prices on the perceived value to the customer, rather than on the actual cost of the product, the market price, competitors prices, or the historical price. Differentiated Pricing: Also termed as Time pricing, i.e. difference in rate based on peak and non-peak hours or days of shopping. This again as a pricing technique is used in Indian retail, hence aggressively used by Big Bazaar. Psychological Pricing: In order to attract status-conscious customers and also to push status-consciousness among the middle-class people, psychological pricing concept was undertaken by Big-Bazaar which provided the best deal in the market for the products which are market-buzz-creators and highly engaging long-lasting products such as LCD TVs, Washing Machines etc. Bundling: In

Consumer Motivation and the Implication on Marketing

Consumer motivation and the implication on marketing Introduction: The main purpose of marketing is to create value for customers so as to help the company to be success. Therefore, it is very important for marketers to understand its customers, especially on what motivate customers’ consumption behaviors so as to establish good marketing strategies. In this report, it aims at analysis consumer motivations. Firstly, it will start with the description the term of consumers’ needs as well as discuss different types if needs that consumers have as well as analysis the Maslow’s needs hierarchy and its implications.This is important for understanding customers’ motivation since it is the basic demand of customers that promote their motivations. Secondly, it will mainly look at and understand the process of goal setting by consumers and then it will describe the process of the motivations which was embarked by unfulfilled needs and throughout the way of tension generation, driving, consumer behavior and goal generation.Thirdly, It will look at the motivation strength and Directions, which is mainly about the result of the motivation that create certain level of influence on consumers which induce them to create a certain strength of feeling to fulfilled such unfulfilled needs as well as the effect of the external factors which produce a influence that direct consumers to make decisions. Then, the motivation conflicts will be introduced which includes three main types that are the approach –approach conflict, the approach-avoidance conflict as well as the avoidance-avoidance conflict and it will further discuss the implications on making market strategies.Finally, consumers involvement will be discuss, this is the consumers’ response to their process of motivations and it can be helpful for marketers to evaluation the marketing performance on the influence of consumers’ motivation. 1. Consumers’ needs The term of consumers’ needs is similar to the term of demand and want, which is mainly about a process or way that can satisfy each individual customers which have their unique history, learning experiences as well as their culture environment (Agrawal, 1989). It is different from consumers’ otivations, since the need is the intrinsic demand based on the nature or the experience and background of consumers, such as the need of food and drink as well as the need of entertainment. The need cannot be created by marketers; however, they can affect the purchasing behavior of customers through their influence on the motivating processes. The need can be seen as the precondition of the motivation progress, since the process of generate consumers’ motivation is depending on if they have such need as well as if such need is realized. Generally, the needs can be classified as three types.The first one is the innate needs, which arise from the nature of human being For example; peop le need food, drink, air and shelter. These needs are necessary to maintain their lives and therefore, they are also termed as the biogenic needs. The second type of need is named as the psychogenic needs, which is relevant to the desire to be involved in the society and become a member of a culture. For example, the need of power, statuses as well as affiliation are subject to this category. The third one is called as the utilitarian or hedonic needs. This utilitarian need is a need for a tangible attributes of products as well as its durability.For example, consumers would like to buy a fuel economy car rather than a car which consume too much petrol. While the hedonic needs are subjective and experimental. For example, certain customers would like to consume milk of one particular brand rather than any others as they believe it is the best brand milk with high quality even through the price is higher and the products is of high homogeneous. One of the most important theories on n eeds is the Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs theory, which is important for guiding marketers understanding the needs of different people and thus setting strategies to better influence their motivations.In Maslow’s theory, it formulated a hierarchy of needs and in each level, the specific needs was clarified. The bottom level of need in the hierarchy is the physiological needs, which is the most proponent of all the other needs, since, if these need cannot been met, the human body would simply cannot continue to function. Examples of such needs are the need of air, water and food which is requirement for survive and the need of clothing and shelter which is requirement of protections. The next level of needs is termed as the safety needs, which is about to satisfy the feeling of security by people.This includes the requirement of personal security, financial security, health and well-being as well as the Safety net against accidents or illness and their adverse impacts. Th e upper level of need is termed as social need. It can be described as the requirement of human to satisfy their feeling a sense of belongings and acceptance, which include the needs of friendship, intimacy as well as family. The second highest level of need is self-esteem, which is the need by human being to be respected and accepted by others.Generally, there are two types of esteem needs; the first one is the need for respect of others, such as the need for status, recognition, frame, prestige and attention. The other one is the need for self-respect, such as the need for strength, competence, mastery, self-confidence, independence and freedom (Maslow, 1954). The needs at the peak of the hierarchy are self-actualization. It is described as a ‘desire as the desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming’ (Maslow, 1954).Which illustrate the desire for a person to have its own value is realized in the society. The implic ation of Maslow’s needs hierarchy is magnitude for marketers. Firstly, it stated that human’s need can be ranked and classified as different level and without the satisfaction of the lower level of needs; it would not create motivations for people to fulfill the needs ranked on higher level. Therefore, marketers should adopt strategies approaching to motivations which should specifies certain types of product benefits people might be searching for, which is depending on the level of needs they are searching for. . Motivation process and goal setting process The term of motivation refers to the processes that cause ‘people to behave as they do’ (Runyon and Steward, 1987). Generally, it arises when the consumer realized that his or her need was not satisfied or he or she recognized a need that has never been recognized before. The process of motivation begins at the state of tension which result in the unfulfilled needs or when new needs were activated. Duri ng this stage, consumers would try to find some ways to reduce or eliminate such tension.After the needs were recognized and the tensions were generated, consumers will come into the process of goals setting. This process can be described as transferring the intangible feeling of demand and desire to the specific, measureable, attainable and realistic subjects (Runyon and Steward, 1987). For example, the lacking of water in the body of consumer would create a tension which is an undesirable feeling of thirsty, then the goal of consumer would be eliminate the bad feeling due to lack of water.Another example is that you feel short of confidence when you working in a position which needs high degree of some specific knowledge, this undesirable tension of short of confidence might induce you to find some way of gaining knowledge and make yourself more confident. After the goal was setting, consumers will formulating a goal intension, such as buying a bottle of juice or water or a decisi on on take participate in part time study in universities.Then an action planning is needed to specify the approach of achieving the goal, this is a more detail projects for each consumer, such as what kind of drinks and which brand should be chosen or when, which university should you take participate in and how long should it be enough to improve the knowledge. Then consumers need to make an action initiation and the process of control so as to attain the goal (Shail and Antoine, 2006). The implication on the understanding of the goal setting process on motivation is that this can be affected by various factors.An individual consumer would select certain goals rather than others based on factors such as his or her personal experiences, Physical capacity, the academic and culture background as well as the accessibility in the physical and social environment. Also, these factors can be further divided into two types. The first one is the intrinsic factor, which comes from the inside of the consumers themselves, such as the feeling of fitter, stronger and healthier as well as being capable of doing things that they never try before.While the extrinsically factors are those factor outside the consumers themselves. For example, people who are doing routine exercises for the sake of lose weight, gaining muscle or just looking better, even though they might not enjoy the process of exercise itself. Therefore, when considering consumer motivations, it is mainly the extrinsic factors that marketer need to make consideration and investigation so as to generate relevant marketing strategies which can drive consumers to matching their goals with the products that produced by the company.Further, it should also be noted that the process of goal setting by consumers are not purely based on motivations, rather, it also based on rationality. The rationality means consumers would select goals based on the overall objective criteria to satisfy their needs, those criteria incl ude the size, price or the weight. For example, when a consumer decides to buy a bag of flour, he will just choose the home-brand bag produced by the supermarket itself which is simply because this is the cheapest one. Also, customers’ selecting of certain goals is based on emotional motives which are quire subjective.For example, when certain consumers decides to buy a bag of flour, they would buy some particular brand no matter what the price is and how similar this products to the bag flour on other brands. This implicated that not all goals or not all customers can be motivated, since they also selecting goals based on rationality. therefore, when setting marketing strategies, it is important to understanding the customers’ behavior as well as what kinds of goal setting process would be more rely on motivating factors.For example, when a company producing a products which is mainly selected under rationality, the company should pay more attention on factors such as the price, size as well as it utilities. While when producing a products which is mainly selected under motivation, the company should invest more on the appearance of the products, the loyalty of the brand as well as advertizing. 3. Motivation strength and directions The motivation strength is used to evaluate the degree or power of the motivation on the process of goal setting, after the goal is attained and the tension is reduced.In this stage, motivation is described as a sort of power that drives consumers to take actions to settle their goals (Koler, 1994). This is specifically importance when there is a conflict between different needs of consumers. For example, a consumer is desired to eat nice fat food while at the mean time, he or she wish to lose some weight and being looked better. These two demands are conflict with each other, and then the action by consumers would affected might the strengthens of emotion to achieve the goal, which means, if the consumer has a strong emotion of losing weight, then he or she is more likely to give up a nice dinner.Therefore, it can be found that maintain a certain level of motivation is important for marketer as well, since the competitors are also performed on the market and trying to affect the purchasing decisions on consumers. Marketer should ensure that the strength of motivation on the products is strong enough so as to attract a group of loyal customers can maintain the share on the market. Another important term on the consumers’ motivation is motivation direction. As mentioned above, the consumers’ behaviors as well as their specific objective of satisfy a need is goal oriented.However, in many circumstance, there are many alternatives that can be used to satisfy the consumers’ goals. Therefore, it is very important for marketers to enforcing effective strategies to convince consumers to purchasing their companies products. For example, when a customer decides to choose a transport to help him or her travel from Sydney to Brisbane, there are many alternatives such as travel by plane, on the sea or driving by him or herself. Even when he or she decided to take the plane to the destination, there are many air companies as well as different class of seat that are available for his or her to choose.The directions can be either positive or negative and thus it will result in customers’ goal to be negative or negative. The positive goal is the one that forward to directly directing consumers’ behavior. Customers driving by these goals will seek products that can help them to attain the goal. For example, a customer may willing to purchase nice flowers so as to make their home more beautiful. However, customers can also been driving by negative goals, as they have certain incentives to minimize the negative outcomes (Mower, 1987).For example, a car owner would like to purchase an expensive car insurance, since he want to insure that when there is an und esirable event or any problem on his car, the insurance company could help him solve it in a timely way. 4. Motivational conflicts It is not unusual that consumers have more than one goal and they are motivated by different sources of motivations at the same time. Therefore, in certain circumstances they may conflict of each other and thus, it requires consumers make decision on which goal they want to maintain the most.General, there are three types of motivational conflicts which are the Approach-Approach conflicts, Approach-Avoidance conflicts and Avoidance-Avoidance conflicts. In the Approach-Approach conflicts, a customer needs to choose one goal on the sacrifice of another. This is generally due to the constraint of budgets. For example, a customer may want to buy a book while at the mean time he or she wants to buy a video as well (Engel, Blackwell and Miniard, 1994). However, the amount of money that he or she has can only afford to satisfy one of the goals but not enough fo r both.Another reason for such conflict can be the shortage of time. For example, a student wish to attend a football matching in the afternoon but he also have a course at the same time which he is interested in as well. In this situation, only one goal can be achieved. Also, there is much other constraint which limits the ability of one consumer to achieve his or her goals at the mean time. on the sense of marketing strategies, there is no too much solutions for dealing with such dilemma, while marketer may through better understanding the customer behaviors as well as constraint so as to trying to avoid such conflict as possible.For example, football matches should be arranged on weekends as possible so as to avoid the conflict of time for students and those have to work regularly. The other one is the Approach-avoidance conflict. This conflict is the most general one and it affects marketing strategies the most. This conflict is usually arise from many products or services on th e market have both positive effects while at the mean time they can produce some negative consequences as well. For example, many consumers like to drink coffee; however, they may not get access to it since it may affect their quality.Another example is that many consumers like to eat nice fat food while at the mean time, they are fairing about getting weight due to the high calories. This conflict of human behavior is also termed as the cognitive dissonance, which arises from the premise that people have a need for order and consistency in their lives (Bagozzi, Gurhan and Priester, 2002). This cognitive dissonance can also create intensions as well, therefore, there is a potential for companies to produce relevant products and being purchased if this products can be well used to solve the problem of conflicts.This process is called as a process of cognitive dissonance reduction. This process is achievable because the cognitive dissonance is a conflict arise from logical inconsisten cy between two or more beliefs or behaviors (Bagozzi, Gurhan and Priester, 2002), this can be occurred when a customer make a choice on one of the two goods, which is the alternative to each other, ‘by choosing one product and not the other, the person gets the bad qualities of the chosen product and loses out on the good qualities of the non-chosen one’.Another way of reducing such conflict is to create a new way to get away from such conflict which is not realized by the present customers. For example, companies may choose to produce caffeine free coffee which produces less effect on human’s sleep quality. And also, companies can produce ‘light’, sugar free or fat free food which is tasty but with relatively fewer calories. Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict As mentioned before, the goals of consumers might not be only satisfy some needs that they have realized, but also to reduce or eliminate certain unwanted situation that faced by consumers as well.Fo r example, consumers would like to pay insurance on their cars and thus when there are some problems on the car or accidents; they can save money and time for management them. However, the avoidance-avoidance conflicts occur when consumers can only choose one way for avoidance on the sacrifice of another (Wilkie, 1986). For example, customers may face the option of buy a new car which needs to pay a huge amount of money in once or to bear the bad quality of the older car as well as the expense of fixing.On the aspect of marketers, this situation is similar to the approach-approach conflict and the way of solving such problems is to trying to avoid such conflict. For example, companies which sold expensive products can prove credit or installation payment for customers, therefore, customers would more willing to purchase such goods without the painful from a lump sum payment and facing financing difficulties. The implication on marketing when considering the three conflict is that, s ince the conflict would produce certain tension on consumers, it can create needs for reducing or eliminating such tensions.While the main purposes for marketers are satisfy the demand of customers, therefore, it can also create purchasing opportunities by offering the possible solutions to those dilemmas. Further, by well understanding the existence of those conflicts, it can help to guide companies produce the ‘right products’ which have minimum conflicts on consumers’ choice as well. 5. Consumer Involvement The process of consumer involvement is also an important aspect which is central to activating consumer motivates.This process can be defined as a process of combining the aspect the consumers, the products as well as the situation all together so as to determine the consumers’ motivation to get access to related products information (Agrawal, 1989). This is a result of the process of goal setting and motivation, as when customers are cleared about t heir goals and purpose that can meet their needs, they will take more positive steps to get access to relevant products and pay attention to all relevant information.The degree of the efforts that customers want to pay on the products and information is relevant to their needs, goals, values as well as their already obtained knowledge. While the process of get access and evaluating such information is of particular importance for them to make purchasing decision and therefore, it is also very important for marketers to well understand it. Generally, consumers’ involvement can be classified into three types based on their purpose as well as the degree of their attentions. The first one is the purchase involvement, which relate to the level of interest during the buying process.This is directly affecting the purchasing behavior of customers and thus, many promotions are aimed to increase the purchasing involvement of customers. The second one is the message response involvement which is mainly about the marketing communication. In the real marketing, there are many Medias that can transfer information to customers; however, they have different level of attraction for consumer involvement. For example, advertisement on television would create a low involvement. This is because customers are only need to be passively watching the information without any response.However, other activities such as sales promotion or product show conference would result in more positive responses. For example, many car companies would like to have their newly created cars be showed on some luxury shopping malls; this would result in more positive involvement from customers to get access to the information of their products. The third one is the ego involvement, which is relevant to consumers’ self-concept and it is usually independent from certain particular purchase situations (Foxall, 1994).The implications for marketers on consumers’ involvement is that, throu gh consumers may differ due to the level of involvement on getting access to certain product information, marketer still can promote a positive actions to increase customers’ involvement. This can be achieved by understanding some of the basic factors that increase or decrease attention of customer, the ease of receiving relevant information by customers as well as understanding customers’ motivation to get access to and process those relevant information. Therefore, marketers can take different kinds of actions to improve customers’ improvement. 6. ConclusionAs discussed above, the process of consumers’ motivation is never be a simple term or definition, rather, it is an integrated process which leads to consumers achieving their goals and fulfilling their needs. The analysis of consumers’ motivation for marketer is important and it should be started at the point of analyzing the needs from consumers. As described by Maslow’s needs hierarch y which presented that human’s needs are not incurred simultaneously, rather, they can be ranked in a pyramid and, without the fulfillment of the lower level of needs, the desire of fulfilling the needs at higher level would not be triggered.Therefore, marketers should pay attention on the needs in different level so as to ensure that what they are promoting is on certain level. Also, the process of motivation as well as the motivation strength and directions are analyzed as well, the process of motivation is triggered by the realization of needs, which create certain tension on consumers and they are drive to reduce or eliminate such tensions by embark certain behavior and setting more detailed goals to achieve the purpose.However, the wiliness of strength of motivation is used to evaluation the contribution of motivations as well as the inducement of customers’ purchasing behavior. Since the ways of satisfying a specific need of customers’ are always have many alternative, customers’ motivations can be directed by various factors. Further, it is very common that each consumer would have many goals that willing to be achieved at the same time, while some of them are conflict with each other.This situation was termed as motivation conflicts which can bring about many difficulties for marketers, while at the mean time, bring about many opportunities as well. Finally, it also discussed the importance for marketers’ understanding of customers’ involvement process, though this process is mainly about customers action on searching relevant products information. This is because many factors that exist in the world that can affect the degree of effort on searching the information as well as the ease of get access to relevant information.Reference list: Agrawal. M. L. 1989. Marketing of Hips and Lips. Business World. Bagozzi, R. P, Gurhan Canli and Priester, J. R, 2002. 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